Pacted Transition to Democracy: The Case of Mozambique
Main Article Content
Abstract
The findings of “third wave” studies on democratic transitions in Southern Europe and Latin America from the 1970s suggested that a democratic outcome is most likely when contending parties are relatively equal and elites make a pact to navigate the transition process. However, later studies of post-communist transitions do not support this inference. This paper analyses the transition process in Mozambique, a former “Afro-communist” regime, during the early 1990s. The findings show that – contrary to the conclusions drawn from the “third wave” studies – in Mozambique the pact concluded in the context of the peace accord of 1992, which ended a sixteenyear civil war, had contradictory results in terms of democratisation. While the political situation has been relatively stable until recent years, the country has moved toward competitive authoritarian rule instead of full democracy. The main explanatory factor for this trend appears to be the cohesion of the ruling party, which in the case of Mozambique derives from its origins in armed liberation struggle. Renewed incidents of political violence over the last few years also cast doubt on the durability of political stability.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors’ Certification
Basic instructions and copyright notice
Full Publication ethics and malpractice statement of the journal Modern Africa could be found here.
In submitting the manuscript to Modern Africa, the authors certify that:
- They are authorised by their co-authors to enter into these arrangements.
- The submitted manuscript is original and has not been published before (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, review, thesis or working paper), that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, that its publication has been approved by all the authors and that the authors have full authority to enter into this agreement.
- They warrant and represent that they have the full power and authority to enter into and execute this agreement and to convey the rights granted herein, and that such rights are not now subject to prior assignment, transfer or other encumbrance. This also applies to the text and photo originals attained from other sources (for which the authors have secured the right to reproduce any material that has already been published or copyrighted elsewhere).
- Their manuscript contains nothing that is unlawful, libellous, or which would, if published, constitute a breach of contract or of confidence or of commitment given to secrecy.
- In the event that the parties to this agreement, either individually or collectively, are held responsible for damages or the costs of a legal process undertaken by a third party as a result of the authors’ actions under points 1, 2, 3, and 4, the authors agree to release the publisher from the claims of the third party and to compensate the publisher for any resulting legal costs.
- Plagiarism is regarded as a serious offence and leads to the rejection of a manuscript.
- Any violation of the above-mentioned rules leads to the rejection of a manuscript.
- They agree to the following license and copyright agreement:
Copyright Agreement
Authors who publish in the journal Modern Africa agree to the following terms:
- The journal is no-fee open access journal. That means all content is free and without charges available at journal webpages. Also, authors are not charged for having their papers published in the journal.
- Authors retain the copyright but grant the journal right of first publication in print and online to the journal Modern Africa. The work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution - Share Alike, which allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work’s authorship and initial publication in this journal. The license is valid for both electronic and paper copies.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal’s published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), provided they add an explicit acknowledgement of its initial publication in the journal Modern Africa.
- Authors grant Modern Africa commercial rights to produce hardcopy volumes of the journal for sale to libraries and individuals, as well as to integrate the work, its title, and its abstract in databases, abstracting and indexing services, and other similar information sources.
- Court of jurisdiction is Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.